製作・実践・直観・創造 覚え書き１

製作・実践・観照・創造にかんする哲学者達の知見

アリストテレス　ニコマコス倫理学　第６巻第４章1140-a

「それ以外の仕方においてあることのできるものごと」には製作の領域に属するもの（ポイエートン）もあれば行為の領域に属するもの（プラクトン）もある。製作ということと行為ということとは異なるのであり、（この点われわれはやはり公刊した所論を確信している）したがって「ことわりを備えた実践できるという状態（プラクティケー・ヘクシス）」は「ことわりを備えた製作できるという状態（ポイエーティケー・ヘクシス）」とは異なる。だからして、両者の一が他によって包含されるということはない。行為は製作ではなく、製作は行為ではないのである。


IV. The class of things that admit of variation includes both things made and actions done. [2] But making is different from doing (a distinction we may accept from extraneous discourses1 ). Hence the rational quality concerned with doing is different from the rational quality concerned with making; nor is one of them a part of the other, for doing is not a form of making, nor making a form of doing. [3] Now architectural skill, for instance, is an art, and it is also a rational quality concerned with making; nor is there any art which is not a rational quality concerned with making, nor any such quality which is not an art. It follows that an art is the same thing as a rational quality, concerned with making, that reasons truly. [4] All Art deals with bringing some thing into existence; and to pursue an art means to study how to bring into existence a thing which may either exist or not, and the efficient cause of which lies in the maker and not in the thing made; for Art does not deal with things that exist or come into existence of necessity, or according to nature, since these have their efficient cause in themselves. [5] But as doing and making are distinct, it follows that Art, being concerned with making, is not concerned with doing. And in a sense Art deals with the same objects as chance, as Agathon says:

Chance is beloved of Art, and Art of Chance.

[6] Art, therefore, as has been said, is a rational quality, concerned with making, that reasons truly. Its opposite, Lack of Art, is a rational quality, concerned with making, that reasons falsely. Both deal with that which admits of variation.


tou= d' e)ndexome/nou a)/llwj e)/xein e)/sti ti kai\ poihto\n kai\ prakto/n: e(/teron d' e)sti\ poi/hsij kai\ pra=cij (pisteu/omen de\ peri\ au)tw=n kai\ toi=j e)cwterikoi=j lo/goij): w(/ste kai\ h( meta\ lo/gou e(/cij praktikh\ e(/tero/n e)sti th=j meta\ lo/gou poihtikh=j e(/cewj. dio\ ou)de\ perie/xetai u(p' a)llh/lwn: ou)/te ga\r h( pra=cij poi/hsij ou)/te h( poi/hsij pra=ci/j e)stin. e)pei\ d' h( oi)kodomikh\ te/xnh ti/j e)sti kai\ o(/per e(/cij tij meta\ lo/gou poihtikh/, kai\ ou)demi/a ou)/te te/xnh e)sti\n h(/tij ou) meta\ lo/gou poihtikh\ e(/cij e)sti/n, ou)/te toiau/th h(\ ou) te/xnh, tau)to\n a)\n ei)/h te/xnh kai\ e(/cij meta\ lo/gou a)lhqou=j poihtikh/. e)/sti de\ te/xnh pa=sa peri\ ge/nesin kai\ to\ texna/zein kai\ qewrei=n o(/pwj a)\n ge/nhtai/ ti tw=n e)ndexome/nwn kai\ ei)=nai kai\ mh\ ei)=nai, kai\ w(=n h( a)rxh\ e)n tw=? poiou=nti a)lla\ mh\ e)n tw=? poioume/nw?: ou)/te ga\r tw=n e)c a)na/gkhj o)/ntwn h)\ ginome/nwn h( te/xnh e)sti/n, ou)/te tw=n kata\ fu/sin: e)n au(toi=j ga\r e)/xousi tau=ta th\n a)rxh/n. e)pei\ de\ poi/hsij kai\ pra=cij e(/teron, a)na/gkh th\n te/xnhn poih/sewj a)ll' ou) pra/cewj ei)=nai. kai\ tro/pon tina\ peri\ ta\ au)ta/ e)stin h( tu/xh kai\ h( te/xnh, kaqa/per kai\ )Aga/qwn fhsi\

te/xnh tu/xhn e)/sterce kai\ tu/xh te/xnhn.


h( me\n ou)=n te/xnh, w(/sper ei)/rhtai, e(/cij tij meta\ lo/gou a)lhqou=j poihtikh/ e)stin, h( d' a)texni/a tou)nanti/on meta\ lo/gou yeudou=j poihtikh\ e(/cij, peri\ to\ e)ndexo/menon a)/llwj e)/xein.